Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is a controversial and increasingly prevalent behavioural and developmental disorder that affects between 2-10% of Australian children. What are the causes and symptoms of ADHD? Why are increasing numbers of Australian children being diagnosed with ADHD? What are the most effective treatment options for children and adults with ADHD? Are drugs such as Ritalin necessary to treat this disorder?